Chapters and Articles on Sanctions & Counterterrorism

"United Nations Sanctions and Nuclear Weapons," by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, in The United Nations and Nuclear Orders, edited by Jane Boulden, Ramesh Thakur, and Thomas Weiss (United Nations University Press, 2009) pp. 111-131.

"Military Necessity?" by George A. Lopez in America (Feb. 2, 2009)

The Sanctions Era: Themes and Trends in UN Security Council Sanctions Since 1990,” by David Cortright, George A. Lopez, and Linda Gerber-Stellingwerf in The United Nations Security Council and War, edited by Vaughan Lowe, Adam Roberts, Jennifer Welsh, and Dominik Zaum (Oxford University Press, 2008) pp. 205-225.

Sanctions and Stability Pacts: The Economic Tools of Peacemaking,” by David Cortright in Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods & Techniques, rev. ed., edited by I. William Zartman (United States Institute of Peace, 2007) pp.385-418.

Sanctions,” by David Cortright, George A. Lopez, and Linda Gerber-Stellingwerf in The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, edited by Thomas G. Weiss and Sam Daws (Oxford University Press, 2007) pp. 349-369.

Implementing Targeted Sanctions: the Role of International Agencies and Regional Organizations,” by David Cortright, Linda Gerber, and George A. Lopez in International Sanctions: Between Words and Wars in the Global System, edited by Peter Wallensteen and Carina Staibano (Frank Cass Publisher, 2005) pp. 144-158.

A Sanctions Coordinator: Options for Enhancing Compliance,” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in International Sanctions: Between Words and Wars in the Global System, edited by Peter Wallensteen and Carina Staibano (Frank Cass Publisher, 2005) pp. 65-74.

“Bombs, Carrots & Sticks: The Use of Incentives and Sanctions,” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in Arms Control Today, vol. 35, no. 2 (March 2005).

Learning Adaptation, and Reform in Security Council Sanctions,” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in The UN Security Council in the Post-Cold War Era, edited by David M. Malone  (Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2004) pp. 167-180.

Reforming Sanctions,” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century, edited by David M. Malone (Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004) pp. 167-179.

"Reviving Peacebuilding Tools Ravished by Terrorism, Unilateralism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction,” by Robert C. Johansen in International Journal of Peace Studies, vol. 9, no. 2 (Winter 2004): 31-55.

“Containing Iraq: Sanctions Worked,” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in Foreign Affairs, vol.83, no. 4 (July/August 2004).

“War on Terror or Real Security,” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in Sojourners Magazine,vol. 33 (January 2004).

Sanctions, Inspections and Containment: Viable Policy Options in Iraq,” by David Cortright, Alistair Millar, and George A. Lopez in Iraq: Threat and Response, edited by Gerhard Beestermöller and David Little (LitVerlag, 2003) pp. 127-147.

"End Game? Removing Sanctions in Iraq," by David Cortright, Alistair Miller, George A. Lopez, and Linda Gerber, Policy Brief F11, Fourth Freedom Forum and the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame (May 2003).

Targeted Financial Sanctions: Developing Sanctions that Do Work,” by David Cortright, George A. Lopez, and Elizabeth S. Rogers in Smart Sanctions: Toward Effective and Humane Sanctions Reform (Rowman and Littlefield, 2002).

"South Asia at the Nuclear Crossroads, U.S. Policy Options Toward South Asian Nuclear Proliferation: The Role of Sanctions and Incentives,” by Samina Ahmed and David Cortright, a joint publication of the Managing of the Atom Project at Harvard University, the Fourth Freedom Forum, and the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies (April 2001).

Powers of Persuasion: Sanctions and Incentives in the Shaping of International Society,” by David Cortright, International Studies, vol. 38, no. 2 (2001).

Economic Sanctions and Genocide: Too Little, Too Late, and Sometimes Too Much,” by George A. Lopez in Protection Against Genocide, edited by Neal Riemer (Praeger Press, 2000).

The Limits of Coercion,” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (November/December 2000). 

Toward Ethical Economic Sanctions,” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in America, vol. 183, no. 17 (November 25, 2000).

Positive Inducements in International Statecraft,” by David Cortright in Fraser Forum. Based on a paper of the same title commissioned by the Fraser Institute (June 2000). 

Learning from the Sanctions Decade,” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright in Global Dialogue, vol. 2, no. 3 (Summer 2000).

Sanctions and Incentives as Tools of Economic Statecraft,” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright in Globalization and Global Governance, edited by Raimo Väyrynen (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).

Are Sanctions Just? The Problematic Case of Iraq,” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in Journal of International Affairs 52, no. 2 (Spring 1999). 

More Ethical Than Not: A Response to Joy Gordon's Claims Regarding Sanctions,” by George A. Lopez in Ethics and International Affairs 13 (March 1999).

Sanctions: Modify 'em,” by Samina Ahmed and David Cortright in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 54, no. 5, (September/October 1998).

Public Opinion and Nuclear Options for South Asia,” by Samina Ahmed, David Cortright, and Amitabh Mattoo in Asian Survey, vol. 38, no. 8 (August 1998).

Trouble in the Gulf: Pain and Promise," by George A. Lopez and David Cortright in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 54, no. 3 (May/June 1998).

What to do about Iraq? The Moral Dilemma of Sanctions,” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright in Sojourners Magazine, vol. 27, no. 2 (March/April 1998).

Carrots, Sticks and Cooperation: Economic Tools of Statecraft,” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, in Preventive Action in International Affairs, edited by Barnett Rubin. (A Twentieth Century Fund Book, 1997). 

Financial Sanctions: The Key to a ‘Smart' Sanctions Strategy,” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright in Die Friedens-Warte, vol. 72, no. 4 (December 1997).

Economic Sanctions and Human Rights: Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright in International Journal of Human Rights (London) 1, no. 2 (Summer 1997).

On the Determinants of Success of Economic Sanctions: An Empirical Analysis,” by Jaleh Dashti-Gibson, Patricia Davis, and Benjamin Radcliff in The American Journal of Political Science, vol. 41, no. 2 (April 1997).

Elite Public Opinion and Nuclear Weapons Policy in India,” by David Cortright and Amitabh Mattoo in Asian Survey, vol. 36, no. 6 (June 1996).

Humanitarian Sanctions? The Moral and Political Issues,” by David Cortright in Human Rights Brief, vol. 3, no. 1, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, American University (Fall 1995).

The Sanctions Era: An Alternative to Military Intervention,” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, vol. 19, no. 2 (Summer/Fall 1995).

Sanctioning Iraq: The Limits of the New World Order,” by Alan Dowty in The Washington Quarterly, vol. 17, no. 3 (1994).

Economic Sanctions: Do They Work?David Cortright and George A. Lopez, guest editors, in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 49, no. 9 (November 1993).