Occasional Paper #12:OP:2  
by David Cortright and George A. Lopez

Much has been written about sanctions and incentives separately, but few attempts have been made to analyze the two approaches together. In this paper the authors examine the uses of sanctions and incentives and compare their respective costs and benefits. They elucidate the factors that account for success or failure and the conditions under which sanctions and incentives are likely to be most effective. Cortright and Lopez pay particular attention to the political context of each and their impact on internal dynamics within target/recipient states. They conclude with a discussion of the advantages of incentives over sanctions in building the long-term foundations for international cooperation.


 

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